变比热的塑件瞬态温度场数值模拟

对塑件冷却过程进行分析,通过假设,建立了一维非稳态传热模型。考虑无定形聚合物和结晶型聚合物的比热对温度的依赖性,利用分段线性函数拟合聚合物的比热—温度曲线,通过对空间域和时间域的离散化,运用有限差分数值方法,模拟了无定形聚合物和结晶型聚合物注塑平板在模具中冷却的一维瞬态温度场。     

The early stages of development of α-Al2O3 scales on Fe-Cr-Al and Fe-Cr-Al-Y Alloys at high temperature

The development ofthe oxides on Fe-14%Cr-4%Al, Fe-27%Cr-4%Al, and similar alloys containing 0.008% Y, 0.023% Y, and 0.8% Y has been investigated during the early stages of oxidation in 1 atm oxygen at 1000 and 1200°C. In all cases, a steady-state -Al₂O₃layer is established rapidly, after some initial formation of transient oxides rich in iron and chromium. For the yttrium-free alloys the steady-state situation is achieved more rapidly for the higher chromium-containing alloy and at the higher temperature. The amount of transient oxide formed is also determined by the specimen surface topography since the development of the -Al₂O₃ layer is less rapid at the base of alloy asperities than at a flat alloy-oxide interface. Following establishment of the complete -Al₂O₃layer, the oxide develops a convoluted oxide morphology at temperature, due to high compressive growth stresses in the oxide. These arise following reaction between oxygen ions diffusing inward down the oxide grain boundaries and aluminum ions diffusing outward through the bulk oxide. This results in lateral growth of the oxide and plastic deformation and movement of the alloy in a direction parallel to the alloy-oxide interface. The addition of yttrium to the alloys promotes the selective oxidation of aluminum. Also, the yttrium is incorporated into the growing oxide where it changes the mechanism of growth, reducing the production of the high compressive growth stresses and thus the development of the convoluted oxide morphology.     

长轴类零件开式挤压工艺应用及成形极限研究

长轴类零件开式挤压失稳包括弹性失稳和塑性失稳。将压杆失稳原理应用于开式挤压,得到了开式挤压弹性失稳的临界长径比及临界挤压应力的计算方法,建立了开式挤压工艺弹性稳定性校核模型,提出了提高抵抗弹性失稳能力的措施,如降低挤压应力、采用夹持器支承等方法。分析塑性失稳的原因,是零件的传力段的应力达到材料的屈服应力,而在入模口处出现局部镦粗。用上限法计算了圆截面件开式挤压应力,并绘制成可方便查阅的线图。提出了挤压变形程度、凹模半锥角、润滑状态及摩擦因子等是影响塑性失稳成形极限的主要因素,并结合计算线图给出了各影响因素的合理范围。以汽车传动花键轴开式挤压为例,应用失稳理论对挤压工艺参数的合理制定进行指导。     

Study on interfacial structure and strength of Si_3N_4/Ti/Cu/Ti/Si_3N_4 PTLP bonding

0IntroductionRecently,the development of bonding technique ofhigh temperature structure ceramic Si3N4becomes a hottopic in the field of ceramic bonding[1].Partial transientliquid phase bonding(PTLP)has been applied in the fieldof high temperature ceramic bonding and made some pro-gress.The selection of interlayer materials is key to PTLPbonding.Since Bender discovered that Ag-based brazingmaterial including Ti could wet ceramic in1954,morestudies have shown that Ti has good wetting prope…     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Bonding of Al2O3 ceramic and Nb using transient liquid phase brazing

The brazing of Al2O3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni-5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1423-1573 K for 1-120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni3Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni-5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al2O3 results in the bonding of Al2O3 and Nb.     

瞬间液相连接的过冷连接新工艺

提出了瞬间液相(TLP)连接的新工艺--过冷连接工艺,即首先将待连接区域加热至某高温进行短时保温,然后再降至一定温度进行长时保温连接.由于液相经历了一次温度过冷,在液/固界面前沿就形成了成分过冷区,破坏了平衡状态下的界面稳定性,形成胞状界面.随着凝固过程的完成,界面消失,形成跨界面连续晶粒,实现冶金接合.以Fe-Ni基非晶合金为中间层,进行了低碳钢过冷TLP连接实验,并与传统的TLP连接工艺进行了比较.结果表明,过冷TLP连接工艺产生了非平面状界面,并且随着凝固的完成界面消失,形成无界面的组织均匀接头.与传统TLP连接工艺接头相比,过冷TLP连接工艺可大大提高接头冲击韧性,其数值达到母材水平.     

Insight into the key aspects of the regeneration process in the NOx storage reduction (NSR) reaction probed using fast transient kinetics coupled with isotopically labelled NO over Pt and Rh-containing Ba/Al2O3 catalysts

For the first time, the coupling of fast transient kinetic switching and the use of an isotopically labelled reactant (¹⁵NO) has allowed detailed analysis of the evolution of all the products and reactants involved in the regeneration of a NO_x storage reduction (NSR) material. Using realistic regeneration times (ca. 1 s) for Pt, Rh and Pt/Rh-containing Ba/Al₂O₃ catalysts we have revealed an unexpected double peak in the evolution of nitrogen. The first peak occurred immediately on switching from lean to rich conditions, while the second peak started at the point at which the gases switched from rich to lean. The first evolution of nitrogen occurs as a result of the fast reaction between H₂ and/or CO and NO on reduced Rh and/or Pt sites. The second N₂ peak which occurs upon removal of the rich phase can be explained by reaction of stored ammonia with stored NO_x, gas phase NO_x or O₂. The ammonia can be formed either by hydrolysis of isocyanates or by direct reaction of NO and H₂.

The study highlights the importance of the relative rates of regeneration and storage in determining the overall performance of the catalysts. The performance of the monometallic 1.1%Rh/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst at 250 and 350 °C was found to be dependent on the rate of NO_x storage, since the rate of regeneration was sufficient to remove the NO_x stored in the lean phase. In contrast, for the monometallic 1.6%Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst at 250 °C, the rate of regeneration was the determining factor with the result that the amount of NO_x stored on the catalyst deteriorated from cycle to cycle until the amount of NO_x stored in the lean phase matched the NO_x reduced in the rich phase. On the basis of the ratio of exposed metal surface atoms to total Ba content, the monometallic 1.6%Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst outperformed the Rh-containing catalysts at 250 and 350 °C even when CO was used as a reductant.     

Characterization of electron irradiated GaN n-p diode

Electron-beam irradiated GaN n⁺-p diodes were characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and optical responsivity measurements. The GaN n⁺-p diode structures were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique, and the electron irradiation was done by the energies of 1 MeV and 2 MeV with dose of 1 × 10¹⁶ cm^− 2. In DLTS measurement, the defect states of E_c − 0.36 eV and E_c − 0.44 eV in the electron irradiated diodes appeared newly. The optical responsivity of GaN n⁺-p diode was characterized in ultra-violet region, and then the maximum optical responsivity at 350 nm was decreased after electron-beam irradiation.     

自由飞行杆撞击过程中的二次撞击区

应用瞬态波效应法,研究了自由飞行杆与固支杆共轴多次撞击问题.采用瞬态波传播理论研究撞击瞬态波的传播,应用撞击接触面内力求解撞击力响应,给出了杆多次撞击瞬态问题的理论解.通过分析杆的瞬态变形和撞击力,发现自由飞行杆与固支杆共轴撞击最多会发生二次撞击,并发现二次撞击现象并非偶然.对发生二次撞击现象的条件以及分布规律进行了研究,数值计算表明,二次撞击相当规则地分布于时间-杆长比平面内.在一定条件下,二次撞击过程具有与单次撞击过程相当的撞击力幅值,因此,对杆二次撞击问题的研究具有重要的价值.